Health & Research

Understanding, Improvement, Benefits

Research News

CAMPS Questionnaire - Please complete

Should CPISRA hold and encourage international sports and/or activity camps? If so what sort of camps?

We would very much like your help to answer these questions, please complete one of the relevant questionnaires below. We would like lots of people around the world to complete a questionnaire so please let others know.

This questionnaire is part of research that CPISRA is doing into the demand for sports camps and recreational activity camps for individuals with Cerebral Palsy or other neurological conditions. The research is also looking at individuals’ participation in sports and recreation. Any data from this questionnaire will be used to help CPISRA to increase the number of opportunities available for people with Cerebral Palsy and similar conditions. The questionnaire's will be open for completion until 15th November 2017.

Thank you.

Questionnaire for individuals with Cerebral Palsy and similar conditions

Questionnaire for parents, carers and guardians

Questionnaire for professionals

Please note professionals includes teachers, support workers, therapists, doctors, coaches, etc., who work with individuals with Cerebral Palsy and similar conditions.

If you have any inquiries, please email Graham Condie, CPISRA Research Officer at graham.condie@cpisra.org.

Article 1 - Understanding Cerebral Palsy

Graham Condie, CPISRA Research Officer, has today published the first of what will be a series of articles relating to understanding and recognising CP participation in sport, recreation and exercise. Graham’s first article is titled “Understanding Cerebral Palsy”.

To read the Summary and/or the Full Article click the following links. If you have any questions or comments please email Graham at graham.condie@cpisra.org .

Summary - Understanding Cerebral Palsy

Full Article - Understanding Cerebral Palsy

The following is the abstract from the article :

Inclusion within sports, recreation, fitness and exercise is essential as every individual has the right to engage, participate in and have a choice of different sports, recreation, fitness and exercise activities. This is no different for individuals who have Cerebral Palsy. Although, in society, one of the main issues is how to make activities accessible and inclusive for individuals with disabilities. Additionally, within society there can be little understanding and appreciation of how different medical conditions can effect different individuals and what this means when trying to engage in an activity. Therefore, the aim of this article is to give readers an understanding of Cerebral Palsy and how it can affect different individuals. It will also discuss the different types and forms of Cerebral Palsy, how it can affect individuals as well as the importance of recognising the individual even though they may have Cerebral Palsy.

Research at CPISRA RaceRunning Championships

Dr Peter Van de Vliet, IPC Science and Medical Director pictured with researchers at CPISRA RaceRunning World Championships. The researchers from Edinburgh University, Queen Margaret University and CPISRA undertook evidence based classification, physiology and movement research throughout the week of the championships. With 30 plus athletes directly participating in the research. CPISRA would like to thank all those who were involved with this valuable research.

CPISRA Research: New Intitiative

CPISRA is extending its activity to facilitating and promoting research into exercise and sport for CP and related conditions. There are a number of reasons for doing this, including benefiting individual sports through improved techniques, training, sports equipment and impairment classification. A further key reason is research will enhance understanding and therefore assist health professionals, sporting bodies, etc. to further encourage recreation and sport development.

Understanding CP Participation

Graham Condie, CPISRA Research Officer, will over the coming months write a series of articles relating to understanding and recognising CP participation in sport, recreation and exercise. Each article will be published below. The articles will be detailed and research based with an accompanied summary. We intend the articles to provide research based information and observations that maybe referenced by Members. For example, CPISRA plans to develop a CP Awareness course utilising information from the completed series of articles.

First Article Published:

Please find below Graham’s first article. You can read the Summary and/or the Full Article by clicking below. If you have any comments or questions please contact Graham at graham.condie@cpisra.org .

Summary - Understanding Cerebral Palsy

Understanding Cerebral Palsy - Full Article

Reference Lists of Academic Research Papers

Within each section below are listed relevant academic research papers for which we are currently aware. If you know of further paper/s we would very much appreciate you contacting Graham Condie at graham.condie@cpisra.org .

In collating and listing relevant academic research papers into CP sport and exercise we are seeking to assist researchers in background research, raise awareness of research, monitor research activity and help identify further research needs.

Literature related to Understanding Cerebral Palsy

Blair, E and Watson, L (2006). Epidemiology of cerebral palsy. Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine. 11 (2), 117-125

Foose, A and Ardovino, P (2008). Therapeutic Recreation and Developmental Disabilities. In: Robertson, T and Long, T., eds. Foundations of Therapeutic Recreation: perceptions, philosophies and practices for the 21st century. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 127-144

Hurvitz, E A., Green, L B., Hornyak, J E., Khurana, S R and Koch, L G (2008). Body mass index measures in children with cerebral palsy related to gross motor. American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 87 (5), 395-403

Lavay, B W (2017). Perceptual–Motor Development. In: Winnick, J P and Porretta, D L., eds. Adapted Physical Education and Sport. 6^th ed. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 391-406

Mccormick, A (2017). The Gross Motor Function Classification System: 20 years on. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. 59 (6), 571

Palisano, R., Rosenbaum, P., Bartlett, D and Livingston, M (2007). GMFCS – E & R Gross Motor Function Classification System Expanded and Revised. CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research: McMaster University

Porretta, D L (2017). Cerebral Palsy, Traumatic Brain Injury, and Stroke. In: Winnick, J P and Porretta, D L., eds. Adapted Physical Education and Sport. 6^th ed. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 217-290

Stanton, M (2002). The Cerebral Palsy Handbook: A practical guide for parents and carers. London: Random House UK Ltd

Stanton, M (2012). Understanding Cerebral Palsy: A Guide for Parents and Professionals. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers

Tecklin, J S (2008). Pediatric Physical Therapy. 4^th ed. London: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Physiology and Psychology of Sports, Recreation, Exercise and Physical Activity

American College of Sports Medicine (2013). ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Conchar, L., Bantjes, J., Swartz, L and Derman, W (2014). Barriers and facilitators to participation in physical activity: The experiences of a group of South African adolescents with cerebral palsy. Journal of Health Psychology. 21 (2), 152-163

Dattilo, J (2015). Positive Psychology and Leisure Education: A Balanced and Systematic Service Delivery Model. Therapeutic Recreation Journal. 49 (2), 148-165

Dattilo, J and McKenney, A (2016). Facilitation Techniques in Therapeutic Recreation. 3rd ed. Urbana, IL: Venture Publishing, Inc

Devine, M A (2003). Constraining and Freeing: the meaning of inclusive leisure experiences for individuals with disabilities. Leisure/Loisir. 28 (1-2), 27-47

Devine, M A (2013). Group Member or Outsider: perceptions of undergraduates with disabilities on leisure time physical activity. Journal of Postsecondary Education and Disability. 26 (2), 119 – 133

Durstine, J L., Painter, P., Franklin, B A., Morgan, D., Pitetti, K H and Roberts, S O (2000). Physical activity for the chronically ill and disabled. Sports Medicine. 30 (3), 207-219

Hoffman, S J (2009). Introduction to Kinesiology: Studying Physical Activity. 3rd ed. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics

Imms, C., Reilly, S., Carlin, J and Dodd, K (2008). Diversity of participation in children with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. 50 (5), 363-369

Jeffreys, I and Moody, J (2016). Strength and Conditioning for Sports Performance. Abingdon: Routledge

Kasser, S L and Lytle, R K (2013). Inclusive Physical Activity: Promoting Health for a Lifetime. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics

Kenney, W L., Wilmore, J H and Costill, D L (2012). Physiology of Sport and Exercise. 6th ed. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics

Kleiber, D A., Walker, G J and Mannell, R C (2011). A Social Psychology of Leisure. 2nd ed. State College, PA: Venture Publishing, Inc

Kunstler, R A. and Daly, F S (2010). Therapeutic Recreation Leadership and Programming. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics

Short, F X (2017). Health-Related Physical Fitness and Physical Activity. In: Winnick, J P and Porretta, D L., eds. Adapted Physical Education and Sport. 6th ed. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 439-454

Swann-Guerrero, S and Mackey, C (2008). Wellness Through Physical Activity. In: Robertson, T. and Long, T., eds. Foundations of Therapeutic Recreation: perceptions, philosophies and practices for the 21st century. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 199-216

Cerebral Palsy, Fitness and Exercise

Amichai, T and Katz-Leurer, M (2014) Heart rate variability in children with cerebral palsy: review of the literature and meta-analysis. NeuroRehabilitation. 35 (1), 113-122

Balemans, A C., Van Wely, L, De Heer, S J., Van den Brink, J., De Koning, J. J., Becher, J G and Dallmeijer, A J (2013). Maximal aerobic and anaerobic exercise responses in children with cerebral palsy. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 45 (3), 561-568

Barfield, J P., Malone, L A., Collins, J M and Ruble, S. B (2005). Disability type influences heart rate response during power wheelchair sport. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 37 (5), 718-723

de Groot, S., Dallmeijer, A J., Bessems, P J., Lamberts, M L., van der Woude, L H and Janssen, T W (2012). Comparison of muscle strength, sprint power and aerobic capacity in adults with and without cerebral palsy. Journal of rehabilitation medicine. 44 (11), 932-938

Fowler, E G., Kolobe, T H., Damiano, D L., Thorpe, D E., Morgan, D W., Brunstrom, J E., Coster, W J., Henderson, R C., Pitetti, K H., Rimmer, J H., Rose, J and Stevenson, R D (2007). Promotion of physical fitness and prevention of secondary conditions for children with cerebral palsy: section on pediatrics research summit proceedings. Physical Therapy. 87 (11), 1495-1510

Jeffreys, I and Moody, J (2016). Strength and Conditioning for Sports Performance. Abingdon: Routledge

Kasser, S L and Lytle, R K (2013). Inclusive Physical Activity: Promoting Health for a Lifetime. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics

Lavay, B W (2017). Perceptual–Motor Development. In: Winnick, J P and Porretta, D L., eds. Adapted Physical Education and Sport. 6th ed. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 391-406

Swann-Guerrero, S and Mackey, C (2008). Wellness Through Physical Activity. In: Robertson, T. and Long, T., eds. Foundations of Therapeutic Recreation: perceptions, philosophies and practices for the 21st century. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 199-216

Creating Inclusive Environments and Adapting Sport, Recreation and Exercise

Dattilo, J (2012). Inclusive Leisure Services. 3rd ed. State College, PA: Venture Publishing, Inc

Kunstler, R A. and Daly, F S (2010). Therapeutic Recreation Leadership and Programming. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics

Long, T (2008). The Therapeutic Recreation Process. In: Robertson, T. and Long, T., eds. Foundations of Therapeutic Recreation: perceptions, philosophies and practices for the 21st century. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 79-10

Kasser, S L and Lytle, R K (2013). Inclusive Physical Activity: Promoting Health for a Lifetime. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics

Schleien, S J., Miller, K D., Walton, G and Pruett, S (2014). Parent Perspectives of Barriers to Child Participation in Recreational Activities. Therapeutic Recreation Journal. 48 (1), 61-73

Swann-Guerrero, S and Mackey, C (2008). Wellness Through Physical Activity. In: Robertson, T. and Long, T., eds. Foundations of Therapeutic Recreation: perceptions, philosophies and practices for the 21st century. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 199-216

CPISRA launches Research initiative in partnership with Edinburgh University, Scotland

Click The ParaAthlete – CP Emphasis to watch the Dr. Peter Van de Vliet, IPC Medical and Science Director, talk given at the below joint Edinburgh University and CPISRA seminar.

Edinburgh University and Queen Margaret University

Edinburgh University and Queen Margaret University both located in Edinburgh, Scotland have commenced research projects into RaceRunning in partnership with CPISRA. These projects have two strategic roles, the first being to address the research required by the IPC in evaluating RaceRunning as a future IPC athletics event and the second to be a catalyst for CPISRA facilitating research into CP exercise and sport.

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